Some papers from Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

• Calculation of Energetic and Biochemical Equivalents of Respiratory Oxygen Consumption
• A Parallel Sparse Linear Solver for Nearest-Neighbor Tight-Binding Problems
• Geometric Median-Shift over Riemannian Manifolds
• Isobologram Analysis in MATLAB for Combined Effects of Two Agents in Dose-Response Experiments
• Extended State Observer Based Sliding Mode Control for Mechanical Servo System with Friction Compensation
• Measuring Effectiveness of Pedestrian Facilities Using a Pedestrian Simulation Model
• Circuits, handles, bridges and nets
• Saving Lives: Ensemble-Based Early Warnings in Developing Nations
• Simulation of forming a shock wave in the shock tube on the molecular level and behavior of the end of a shock-heated gas
• Saving Lives: Ensemble-Based Early Warnings in Developing Nations
• The Antennae of Insects as Air-Current Sense Organs and their Relationship to the Control of Flight
• A Simple LP Relaxation for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem
• Possibilistic Classifiers for Uncertain Numerical Data
• Aufgaben und Aspekte der Logistik
• Development of Fundamental Technologies for Micro Bioreactors
• Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing
• A Modified Greedy Algorithm for the Set Cover Problem with Weights 1 and 2
• Using Strategic Leverage Through Learning©to Address Organizational Challenges
• Photoelectron Events: A Doubly Stochastic Poisson Process or Theory of Photoelectron Statistics
• Integrating preference orderings into argument-based reasoning
• Laser Drilling Simulation Considering Multiple Reflection of Laser, Evaporation and Melt Flow
• A method of analysing harmony, based on interval patterns or “Gestalten”
• Derivatives
• An attentional prototype for early vision
• Cluster Computing on the Fly: P2P Scheduling of Idle Cycles in the Internet
• Enhancement of Ultrasonic Image Based on the Multi-Scale Retinex Theory
• Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks (DTMNs): Controlled Flooding in Sparse Mobile Networks
• Timber Production Cost and Profit Functions for Community Forests in Mexico
• Geometric Median-Shift over Riemannian Manifolds
• On the Suitability of Genetic-Based Algorithms for Data Mining
• Nystatin
• Silicon Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits
• Predicate Abstraction and Canonical Abstraction for Singly-Linked Lists
• Cluster turbulence
• Streamer Corona Plasmas and NO Removal
• Surface modifications due to strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy
• Wearable Respiratory Rate Monitoring using Piezo-resistive Fabric Sensor
• Spatial, Temporal, and Hybrid Decompositions for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing with Time Windows
• Advanced Topics
• Surface modifications due to strain relaxation in lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy
• Lipids
• Pitch-Synchronous Speech Signal Segmentation and Its Applications
• Einführung in die Adsorptionstechnik
• Inferring Structure Information from Typography
• Large- and Fine-Scale Geochemical Variations Along the Andean Arc of Northern Chile (17.5°– 22°S)
• Refining Fitness Functions and Optimising Training Data in GP for Object Detection
• RTKPS: A Key Pre-distribution Scheme Based on Rooted-Tree in Wireless Sensor and Actor Network
• Diluted Magnetic Quantum Dots
• Incorporating Game Theory in Feature Selection for Text Categorization
• Access and Resources Reservation in 4G-VANETs for Multimedia Applications
• Modelling and Verification of the LMAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
• Secure AODV Routing Protocol Based on Trust Mechanism
• The Dangers of Electronic Traces: Data Protection Challenges Presented by New Information Communication Technologies
• Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting
• Timber Production Cost and Profit Functions for Community Forests in Mexico
• New Perspectives on the Evolution of Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Terrestrial Tetrapods
• New Perspectives on the Evolution of Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Terrestrial Tetrapods
• Pedagogical Agent Design: The Impact of Agent Realism, Gender, Ethnicity, and Instructional Role
• Investigations on the Reduction of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitro Compounds by Clostridium Species and Enzyme Systems
• Optimal Algorithms for the Path/Tree-Shaped Facility Location Problems in Trees
• Discovery of the Physics of Color
• Incorporating Game Theory in Feature Selection for Text Categorization
• Extended State Observer Based Sliding Mode Control for Mechanical Servo System with Friction Compensation
• Sign Language Recognition Using Hilbert Curve Features
• The iCub Cognitive Humanoid Robot: An Open-System Research Platform for Enactive Cognition
• Rapid Desensitization for Immediate Hypersensitivity to Galsulfase Therapy in Patients with MPS VI
• Coordinated Replenishment Policy for a Decentralized Assembly System Based on Supply Hub Under Stochastic Lead Times
• PantaPM: an integrated software development environment
• Enhancement of Ultrasonic Image Based on the Multi-Scale Retinex Theory
• Silicon Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits
• Methods for Predicting RNA Secondary Structure
• Content-Based Keywords Extraction and Automatic Advertisement Associations to Multimodal News Aggregations
• UML-Based Integration Testing for Component-Based Software
• Nystatin
• Water and the Living Cell as Seen from the Viewpoint of a New Paradigm
• Measuring Effectiveness of Pedestrian Facilities Using a Pedestrian Simulation Model
• 13. Fourier Transform on the line
• An attentional prototype for early vision
• Dielectrophoretic Actuation and Simultaneous Detection of Individual Bioparticles
• The Research of Data Mining Technology of Privacy Preserving in Sharing Platform of Internet of Things
• On minimum flow and transitive reduction
• Flowering Strategies
• Modelling and Verification of the LMAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
• The Wigner Equation
• Role of Biologicals in Meniscus Surgery
• Exact Acceleration of Linear Object Detectors
• Predicate Abstraction and Canonical Abstraction for Singly-Linked Lists
• Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
• Fuzzy Clustering based Principal Component Analysis
• Silicon germanium-heterostructures on silicon substrates
• Komplexchemie
• Transformation of combined data type and process specifications using projection algebras
• Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Strippings
• The frequency assignment problem: A look at the performance of evolutionary search
• Secure AODV Routing Protocol Based on Trust Mechanism
• Efficient model checking by automated ordering of transition relation partitions
• An attentional prototype for early vision
• 13. Fourier Transform on the line
• Taxonomic Survey
• Komplexchemie
• Finite Trees as Ordinals
• Concepts of Time in Classical Physics
• A Nested Token-Based Delegation Scheme for Cascaded Delegation in Mobile Agent Environments
• Finite Trees as Ordinals
• Circuits, handles, bridges and nets
• Student Modeling in Intelligent Tutoring Systems — Implications for User Modeling
• Circuits, handles, bridges and nets
• Semantics, Simulation, and Formal Analysis of Modeling Languages for Embedded Systems in Real-Time Maude
• Simulation of forming a shock wave in the shock tube on the molecular level and behavior of the end of a shock-heated gas
• Imaging Systems
• Réseaux de neurones
• Properties of probabilistic pushdown automata
• Theory and Literature
• Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis of the Palms
• The Impact of Attitude Control on GRACE Accelerometry and Orbits
• Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers from Cotton Linter and Their Composites
• Spatial, Temporal, and Hybrid Decompositions for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing with Time Windows
• Acute Tubular Necrosis
• Second-Order False-Belief Tasks: Analysis and Formalization
• Enhancement of Ultrasonic Image Based on the Multi-Scale Retinex Theory
• Properties of probabilistic pushdown automata
• Extended State Observer Based Sliding Mode Control for Mechanical Servo System with Friction Compensation
• Secure AODV Routing Protocol Based on Trust Mechanism
• A Blog-Centered IPTV Environment for Enhancing Contents Provision, Consumption, and Evolution
• The Equation for the Stokesian Stream Function and Its Solutions
• Discovery of the Physics of Color
• The frequency assignment problem: A look at the performance of evolutionary search
• Computational Origami of a Morley’s Triangle
• Exact Acceleration of Linear Object Detectors
• Explicit substitutions for objects and functions
• Investigations on the Reduction of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitro Compounds by Clostridium Species and Enzyme Systems
• A K-Means Optimization Algorithm Based on Relative Core Cluster
• Application to Hypersingular Integrals
• Improved DCT-Based Watermarking through Particle Swarm Optimization
• On minimum flow and transitive reduction
• Dielectrophoretic Actuation and Simultaneous Detection of Individual Bioparticles
• Engagement and Retention: Essentials of Employee Care
• Constrained Optimality for Discount Criteria
• Computer Managed Process Planning for Cylindrical Parts
• A method of analysing harmony, based on interval patterns or “Gestalten”
• Assessing Aspect Modularizations Using Design Structure Matrix and Net Option Value
• Methods for Predicting RNA Secondary Structure
• A Supply Chain Network Perspective for Electric Power Generation, Supply, Transmission, and Consumption
• Spatial, Temporal, and Hybrid Decompositions for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing with Time Windows
• Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis of the Palms
• Second-Order False-Belief Tasks: Analysis and Formalization
• Finite size scaling approach to anderson localisation
• Objective vs. Subjective Scales: The Challenge That the Scale Type Poses to the JUDGEMAP Model of Context Sensitive Judgment
• Wound ballistics and surgery
• Photocatalytic Detoxification of Polluted Waters
• The Equation for the Stokesian Stream Function and Its Solutions
• Secure AODV Routing Protocol Based on Trust Mechanism
• Determinism, Chaos and Stochasticity in Plant Community Successions: Consequences for Phytosociology and Conservation Ecology
• RISOTTO: Fast Extraction of Motifs with Mismatches
• Polygonal Approximations for Curved Problems: An Application to Arrangements
• Research of the Solar Orbit Compute Algorithm for Improving the Efficiency of Solar Cell
• Business Process Management for Open E-Services in Local Government Experience Report
• Explicit substitutions for objects and functions
• Muon Tomography Algorithms for Nuclear Threat Detection
• Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Strippings
• An ALife-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization Problems
• Development of Fundamental Technologies for Micro Bioreactors
• The Semiotics of “Postmodern” Physics
• Analysis of Hardware Encryption Versus Software Encryption on Wireless Sensor Network Motes
• Assessment of Radiation Oncology Medical Physics Residents: The London, Ontario (Canada) Experience
• Changes in Lipid Metabolism under Stress
• Models of the French Economy
• Possibilistic Classifiers for Uncertain Numerical Data
• Recursive Decompounding in Afrikaans
• Cluster turbulence
• Study on CDIO Talents Training Mode of Industrial Engineering
• Visual Aspect: A Unified Content-Based Collaborative Filtering Model for Visual Document Recommendation
• Enhanced TEC Maps Based on Different Space-Geodetic Observations
• A Top-Down Petri Net-Based Approach for Dynamic Workflow Modeling
• Dielectrophoretic Actuation and Simultaneous Detection of Individual Bioparticles
• Invariance, parameter estimations, sensitivity analysis and other help functions in computer aided desigh by GI/GI/c — Queueing models
• Site-Directed Spin Labeling of RNA for Distance Measurements by EPR
• Pain Management
• Free-Living Amoebae as Vectors of Human Pathogens
• Annotation System for Medical Domain
• Differential scanning calorimetry and its applications to mineralogy and the geosciences
• Exceptional groups and elementary particles
• Acute Tubular Necrosis
• The Brain Stem
• Methods for Predicting RNA Secondary Structure
• Stochastic Models for Budget Optimization in Search-Based Advertising
• Ion Conduction in Solid Polyelectrolyte Complex Materials
• Semantically Characterizing Collaborative Behavior in an Abstract Dialogue Framework
• Avoiding and Classifying Common Bile Duct Injuries During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• Engagement and Retention: Essentials of Employee Care
• Formal Verification of Infinite State Systems Using Boolean Methods
• Optimizing nDCG Gains by Minimizing Effect of Label Inconsistency
• The Integration Framework of Train Scheduling and Control Based on Model Predictive Control
• Introducing Semantics in Web Personalization: The Role of Ontologies
• On construction of resilient functions
• Sensitivity Analysis and Evolutionary Games
• PantaPM: an integrated software development environment
• Integrating Web Conceptual Modeling and Web Usage Mining
• Introducing Semantics in Web Personalization: The Role of Ontologies
• Coordinated Replenishment Policy for a Decentralized Assembly System Based on Supply Hub Under Stochastic Lead Times
• Width of a General Tree for Packet Routing
• Photocatalytic Detoxification of Polluted Waters
• Formal Verification of Infinite State Systems Using Boolean Methods
• Quantum Cosmology and the Emergence of a Classical World
• Web Services for Analysing and Summarising Online Opinions and Reviews
• Toxoplasmosis
• Advanced Topics
• An Application of Support Vector Machine to Companies’ Financial Distress Prediction
• Analysis of Semantic Attacks in Online Social Networks
• Enhanced TEC Maps Based on Different Space-Geodetic Observations
• Methods for Predicting RNA Secondary Structure
• Pedagogical Agent Design: The Impact of Agent Realism, Gender, Ethnicity, and Instructional Role
• GPS Observation Equations and Positioning Concepts
• The Neural Crest and Craniofacial Malformations
• Three-Dimensional Segmentation of Brain Aneurysms in CTA Using Non-parametric Region-Based Information and Implicit Deformable Models: Method and Evaluation
• Validating Z Specifications Using the ProB Animator and Model Checker
• Fatty Acids-Derived Fuels from Biomass via Catalytic Deoxygenation
• Receptors: Binding Assays
• Retrieving Images for Remote Sensing Applications
• Cellular Ustilaginomycete–Plant Interactions
• Globalization, Capital Accumulation, and Terms of Trade
• Quantum Cosmology and the Emergence of a Classical World
• Microcoaxial Needle Sensor for Polarographic Measurement of Local O2 Pressure in the Cellular Range of Living Tissue. Its Construction and Properties
• The Integration Framework of Train Scheduling and Control Based on Model Predictive Control
• Simulating Plane Strain Tests of Sand Specimen Reinforced with H-V Orthogonal Inclusions by PFC
• Latin and Greek Terminology
• Analysing Five Years of GRACE Equivalent Water Height Variations Using the Principal Component Analysis
• A Modified Greedy Algorithm for the Set Cover Problem with Weights 1 and 2
• Scattering Matrix Analysis on the Use of a Wide-Band Laser Source in a Passive Fiber Rate Sensor
• Free-Living Amoebae as Vectors of Human Pathogens
• Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing
• An attentional prototype for early vision
• Robust Adaptive Neural Network Control for Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems Via Small-Gain Approaches
• Growth limitations in microcarrier cultures
• Posterior Ankle Impingement
• Halluzinogene Rauschgiftdrogen der Alten Welt
• Image Guidance for Spinal Facet Injections Using Tracked Ultrasound
• Martingale approach to Boltzmann's entropy and exact transformations
• Molecular Cell Biology of Atherosclerosis
• Applying Formal Concept Analysis to Description Logics
• Weighted Data Normalization Based on Eigenvalues for Artificial Neural Network Classification
• Cluster turbulence
• Disorders of Bile Acid Synthesis
• Modelling and Verification of the LMAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
• Simulation of forming a shock wave in the shock tube on the molecular level and behavior of the end of a shock-heated gas
• Asymmetric separated flows about sharp cones in a supersonic stream
• Business Process Management for Open E-Services in Local Government Experience Report
• Introducing Semantics in Web Personalization: The Role of Ontologies
• Firefly Algorithm and Pattern Search Hybridized for Global Optimization
• On the Assignment of Entropy to Black Holes
• Semantic Transformation of Web Services
• Semantics, Simulation, and Formal Analysis of Modeling Languages for Embedded Systems in Real-Time Maude
• Axial Parenchyma
• Approximate Querying of XML Fuzzy Data
• Axial Parenchyma
• Recent Glacier Fluctuations in the Southern Andes
• Growth limitations in microcarrier cultures
• Nystatin
• The Semiotics of “Postmodern” Physics
• Innovation and Demand in Industry Dynamics: R&D, New Products and Profits
• From ActAffAct to BehBehBeh: Increasing Affective Detail in a Story-World
• Noisy Leakage Revisited
• The Importance of Representing Cognitive Processes in Multi-agent Models
• Transformation of combined data type and process specifications using projection algebras
• A method of analysing harmony, based on interval patterns or “Gestalten”
• Robust Adaptive Neural Network Control for Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Systems Via Small-Gain Approaches
• Challenges of Scripting for Power System Education
• Coordinated Replenishment Policy for a Decentralized Assembly System Based on Supply Hub Under Stochastic Lead Times
• Ultrasonic Acceleration of Organic Reactions
• Towards a Realistic Clinical-Guidelines Application Framework: Desiderata, Applications, and Lessons Learned
• Relaxation processes of hot holes in germanium and GaAs studied by picosecond infrared spectroscopy
• Immunobiology of the Torque Teno Viruses and Other Anelloviruses
• Geometric Median-Shift over Riemannian Manifolds
• Avoiding and Classifying Common Bile Duct Injuries During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• Introduction to the theory of stability
• A standard ML compiler
• Auxin as Long-Distance Signal Controlling Root Architecture in Response to Nitrogen
• Computer Managed Process Planning for Cylindrical Parts
• Applying Formal Concept Analysis to Description Logics
• Student Modeling in Intelligent Tutoring Systems — Implications for User Modeling
• Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Relation-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Networks for Nonlinear Process
• Integrating a Software Product Line with Rule-Based Business Process Modeling
• Reduction of Attributes in Ordinal Decision Systems
• UML-Based Integration Testing for Component-Based Software
• Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Relation-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Networks for Nonlinear Process
• Experience-Based Approach for Adoption of Agile Practices in Software Development Projects
• Applying Pedagogical Analyses to Create an On-Line Course for e Learning
• Applying Pedagogical Analyses to Create an On-Line Course for e Learning
• On minimum flow and transitive reduction
• Noisy Polynomial Interpolation and Noisy Chinese Remaindering
• Enhancing SVM with Visualization
• Assessment of Radiation Oncology Medical Physics Residents: The London, Ontario (Canada) Experience
• Orientation de microcristaux déposés sur mica
• Exact Results for Two-Dimensional Ising Models
• Development of a Model to Predict the Potential Accuracy of Vessel Blood Flow Measurements from Dynamic Angiographic Recordings
• Buckling of Spherical Domes Made of Microconcrete and Creep Buckling of Such Domes Under Long-term Loading
• The Formation of Seeds and Fruit
• Retrieving Images for Remote Sensing Applications
• Quantum Cosmology and the Emergence of a Classical World
• Engagement and Retention: Essentials of Employee Care
• Derivatives
• China, Peoples Republic of
• Friction
• Surface Passivation for Single Molecule Detection
• Petrochemical Factors Governing the Metallogeny of the Bolivian Tin Belt
• Enhancement of Ultrasonic Image Based on the Multi-Scale Retinex Theory
• Possibilistic Classifiers for Uncertain Numerical Data
• The Family Campylobacteraceae
• Solving Fuzzy Equations
• Computer Managed Process Planning for Cylindrical Parts
• Agile Software: Ensuring Quality Assurance and Processes
• Electrochromatography Methods: Planar Electrochromatography
• Design and Construction of a Configurable Full-Field Range Imaging System for Mobile Robotic Applications
• Combining Symbolic Representations for Solving Timed Games
• Ultrasonic Acceleration of Organic Reactions
• Differential scanning calorimetry and its applications to mineralogy and the geosciences
• Validity of the Moens-Korteweg Equation
• Evidential Network with Conditional Belief Functions for an Adaptive Training in Informed Virtual Environment
• The Importance of Representing Cognitive Processes in Multi-agent Models
• The Equation for the Stokesian Stream Function and Its Solutions
• Business Process Management for Open E-Services in Local Government Experience Report
• Derivatives
• Early Experience with Agile Methodology in a Model-Driven Approach
• Retrieving Images for Remote Sensing Applications
• Learning Relations from Biomedical Corpora Using Dependency Trees
• Laser Drilling Simulation Considering Multiple Reflection of Laser, Evaporation and Melt Flow
• A Supply Chain Network Perspective for Electric Power Generation, Supply, Transmission, and Consumption
• A Supply Chain Network Perspective for Electric Power Generation, Supply, Transmission, and Consumption
• Dielectrophoretic Actuation and Simultaneous Detection of Individual Bioparticles
• Experience-Based Approach for Adoption of Agile Practices in Software Development Projects
• Receptors: Binding Assays
• Using Strategic Leverage Through Learning©to Address Organizational Challenges
• Pulsars as gravitational wave detectors
• The Neural Crest and Craniofacial Malformations
• Objective vs. Subjective Scales: The Challenge That the Scale Type Poses to the JUDGEMAP Model of Context Sensitive Judgment
• Weighted Data Normalization Based on Eigenvalues for Artificial Neural Network Classification
• Globalization, Capital Accumulation, and Terms of Trade
• Globalization, Capital Accumulation, and Terms of Trade
• The Family Campylobacteraceae
• Der BEPS Aktionspunkt 2 zur Neutralisierung der Effekte hybrider Gestaltungen und seine Vereinbarkeit mit den Diskriminierungsverboten der Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen und des AEUV
• An Overview of System Modelling in LFT Form
• Alloys with Praseodymium, Neodymium, Samarium, and Europium
• Random Walk with Continuously Smoothed Variable Weights
• From ActAffAct to BehBehBeh: Increasing Affective Detail in a Story-World
• Medical and Technical Applications of Liquid Crystals
• Evidential Network with Conditional Belief Functions for an Adaptive Training in Informed Virtual Environment
• Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks (DTMNs): Controlled Flooding in Sparse Mobile Networks
• Evolutionary Dynamics on Graphs: The Moran Process
• Petrochemical Factors Governing the Metallogeny of the Bolivian Tin Belt
• Rapid Distribution of Tasks on a Commodity Grid
• Effects of AC and DC It Systems Insulation Failures
• Differential cryptanalysis of a block cipher
• Applying Formal Concept Analysis to Description Logics
• Chemical bonding across the periodic table
• The Wigner Equation
• Simulating Plane Strain Tests of Sand Specimen Reinforced with H-V Orthogonal Inclusions by PFC
• The Wigner Equation
• Circuits, handles, bridges and nets
• Medical and Technical Applications of Liquid Crystals
• Type 1 Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from the Ombú Tree (Phytolacca dioica L.)
• Differential cryptanalysis of a block cipher
• Roman Domination over Some Graph Classes
• Agile Software: Ensuring Quality Assurance and Processes
• Integrated 3D Modeling of Multi-utility Networks and Their Interdependencies for Critical Infrastructure Analysis
• Incorporating Game Theory in Feature Selection for Text Categorization
• Particles with Spin 1/2 and the Dirac Equation
• Enhancement of Ultrasonic Image Based on the Multi-Scale Retinex Theory
• Enhanced TEC Maps Based on Different Space-Geodetic Observations
• Agile Software: Ensuring Quality Assurance and Processes
• Brustkorb
• Genetic L-System Programming
• Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Relation-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Networks for Nonlinear Process
• Approximate Querying of XML Fuzzy Data
• Study on CDIO Talents Training Mode of Industrial Engineering
• Water Heater Compound with Ground Source Heat Pump
• Sharing Academic Integrity Guidance: Working Towards a Digital Library Infrastructure
• A Network Approach for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Prevention
• A K-Means Optimization Algorithm Based on Relative Core Cluster
• Assessment of Radiation Oncology Medical Physics Residents: The London, Ontario (Canada) Experience
• Simulating the Bitonic Sort Using P Systems
• P2P Agent Platform: Implementation and Testing
• Intuitive Human-Robot Interaction Through Active 3D Gaze Tracking
• Medical and Technical Applications of Liquid Crystals
• Rolling Bearing Lubrication Theory
• Resonance of Arbitrary Number of Periodic Traveling Water Waves